Table of Contents

Introduction

Diagnosis

Epidemiology

Hereditary hyperparathyroid STATES

Molecular pathogenesis

Pathology

Biochemical Features

Clinical features

The Skeleton.

Renal Involvement

Gastrointestinal Manifestations

Neurological manifestations

Vitamin D deficiency

Cardiovascular manifestations

Malignancy

Mortality

Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Indications for surgery in Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism

Monitoring patients with primary hyperpararathyroidism who do not undergo parathyroid surgery.

Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Clinical Course of Primary Hyperpathyroidism

Natural History Without Surgery

Natural History With Surgery

Non-Surgical approaches to Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Phosphate

Estrogen

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM).

Bisphosphonates.

Calcimimetics.

Acknowledgements